Questions:

1. The parents of a 13-year-old begin to like their daughter's style of clothes and music, and the daughter has shifted her attitudes toward her parents' values of financial responsibility. What process does this best illustrate?
Synchrony Reciprocal socialization Emotional autonomy Secure attachment Insecure attachment


2. A father and his son are engaged in a smooth and comfortable discussion while walking through a part. They seem particularly connected and sensitive to one another. This illustrates
reciprocal socialization. synchrony. indulgent parenting. continuity. authoritarian parenting


3. The view that most people develop different ways of relating to different types of people across the life span defines the
reciprocal socialization view. continuity view. synchrony view. discontinuity view. boundary ambiguity view.


4. Ron's parents, Kevin and Trisha, are experiencing the most dissatisfaction in their marriage that they've ever had. It's most likely that Ron is
a newborn. a gifted child in elementary school. adopted. an adolescent. a toddler.


5. What parenting techniques are associated with adolescents' lack of self-control?
Authoritarian and indulgent Indulgent and authoritative Neglectful and authoritarian Indulgent and authoritarian Neglectful and indulgent


6. Studies of adolescent-parent conflict have shown that conflict
intensifies throughout adolescence. is about the same as child-parent conflict. increases in early adolescence and declines through later adolescence. is most intense between fathers and daughters. usually concerns issues of achievement such as career goals.


7. Which statement below is true concerning adolescent attachment to parents?
Insecurely attached adolescents develop secure attachments outside the family. Securely attached children become less securly attached adolescents due to peer influence. Insecurely attached adolescents develop intimate relationships with peers. Securely attached adolescents have little need for peer attachments. Securely attached adolescents form close friedships with peers.


8. When Oliver and his brother Bill were 7 and 9 years of age, they fought constantly. But when they both reached adolescence, the amount of conflict declined. What is the reason most likely responsible for this decline in sibling conflict?
The asymmetry of power declined. The asymmetry of power increased. Boundary ambiguity increased. Boundary ambiguity declined. They started spending more time together.


9. Which of the following statements about birth order is true?
Birth order is a strong predictor of adolescent behavior. Although statements about birth order are simplistic, they are reliable. The effects of birth order are exaggerated and emphasized too much. Research data shows the stereotype of the only child as a brat is correct. First-borns are more likely than later-borns to have easy temperaments


10. According to research presented in the textbook, which of the following statements about divorce is true?
Parenting skills decline during the first year after a divorce. Adolescents with a difficult temperament cope the best. Preschoolers cope with divorce better than older children. After a divorce boys are more likely to drop out of school than girls All the above are true


11. What type of family structure has the highest level of adjustment problems for children?
Intact families. Stepfather families. Stepmother families. Stepfamilies with adopted children. Blended stepfamilies.


12. Before Tim's mom got remarried Tim had been responsible for taking out the garbage and for lawn care. After his mom got remarried Tim was uncertain about how much work was still his responsibility and how much would be his stepfather's. This best illustrates
insecure attachment. disorganized attachment. reciprocal socialization. boundary ambiguity. discontinuity.


13. In research cited in the text concerning parental work that compared 4 different categories of parental work status, it was found that the most disruptive adolescents in school were from
stable families. recovery families. deprived families. declining families. unemployed families.


14. According to the text, in American society when things go wrong with an adolescent, the adolescent's problems are usually attributed to
hormones. peers. the father. the mother. low socioeconomic status (SES).


15. Which of the following statements, based on research findings, is true?
Women report more satisfaction with marriage than men do. Men report more satisfaction with marriage that women do. Women are more satisfied with marriage than men as long as there are no children. Men are more satisfied with marriage than women as long as there are no children. Women and men are equally satisfied with marriage regardless of children.


16. According to the text, one of the most important functions of the peer group os to
act as a surogate parent. foster love and understanding. define gender appropriate and inappropriate behavior. provide a source of information outside of the family. instill achievement-related values and beliefs.


17. Martin has taken on the attitudes and behaviors of his group of friends because he believes that they will abandon him if he doesn't. This illustrates
a clique. a conglomerate strategy. intimacy in friendship. conformity. All the above


18. When adolescents know what people around them expect, yet deliberately behave in a way that is counter to the group's expectations, this is called
peer neglect. peer rejection. nonconformity. anticonformity. a controversial child.


19. Research shows that for adolescents who are average in physical attractiveness, unlike for those who are below or above average in attractiveness
popularity and attractiveness are positively correlated. attractiveness and popularity are negatively correlated. there is no relationship between popularity and attractiveness. popularity and attractiveness are only positively correlated for girls. popularity and attractiveness are only positively correlated for boys.


20. What strategy would most likely improve the social skills of peer neglected children?
Showing them how to appear more physically attractive. Placing them in social situations with other neglected children. Teaching them how to ask questions and listen in a friendly way. Encouraging them to talk more about themselves. Teaching them anger management.


21. From a social cognition point of view, unpopular adolescents have difficulty
controlling their aggressive impulses. establishing their status within a peer group. interpreting social cues. automating social strategies All of the above


22. Faye feels awful after playing soccer poorly, but Karen tells her not to worry and that even when Faye's not playing her best she's still much better than the rest of the team. What function of friendship does this best illustrate?
Physical support Companionship Ego support Intimacy/affection Stimulation


23. Under what function of friendship would one use self-disclosure?
Stimulation Companionship Intimacy Ego support All of the above


24. Which of the following is a factor that is more important in adolescent friendships than in child friendships?
Loyalty Selectivity Intimacy Mutual understanding All of the aboe are important factors in adolescent friendship.


25. Intimacy in friendship is defined in most research studies as
sharing private thoughts. spending a lot of time together. shared past experiences. similarity of backgrounds and attitudes. All of the above define intimacy.


26. Ricki is an early-maturing eight-grader. Her two best friends are in the eleventh grade. Ricki is more likely than her peers to
self-disclose. value loyalty. engage in deviant behaviors. advance academically. be polite and emotionally mature.


27. Jared enjoys dating Susan because she is very popular and was homecoming queen. Jared feels that he gains respect from his peers by dating Susan. What function does dating serve for Jared?
Intimacy Companionship Mate selection Socialization Status


28. Research has shown that during early adolescence, individuals spend more time
actually with those of the opposite sex than they spend thing of the opposite sex. thinking about the opposite sex than actually spending time with them. hanging out in opposite-sex couples than hanging out in mixed-sex groups. preparing for a date than actually being on a date. in affectionate love relationships than in romantic love relationships.


29. Adult love is to adolescent love as ___ love is to ____ love.
romantic; companionate companionate; affectionate eros; romantic affectionate; psuedo-intimate affectionate; romantic


30. An adolescent boy whose mother was aloof and uncaring may develop the expectancy that relatiohships with all women will be similar to this one. This best illustrates a ____ view of relationships.
discontinuity social learning psychoanalytic continuity biological


31. Chang goes to a school that is reorganizing its curriculum. The school board believes there is not enough emphasis on intellectual development and too much time spent on social, emotional, and moral development. This school has been influenced by the
direct instruction approach. back-to-basics movement. social constructivists approach to learning. cognitive constructivists approach to learning. authoritarian classroom management approach.


32. A major factor in the emergence of middle schools was the
need for early adolescents to feel autonomous. parents' fear that their children weren't ready for high school. overcrowding in junior high schools belief that adolescents needed a transitional school during puberty. dissatisfaction with elementary school education.


33. According to the text, although the transistion to middle school or junior high is a normative event for most adolescents, for many adolesents the transition is stressful because
most adolescents have to deal with bullies in middle school or junior high. most parents aren't as involved with their child's life as they used to be. teachers are less nurturing than in elementary school. other changes are occurring in the adolescent's life at the same time. None of the above


34. Very high, constant, early family stress is related to dropping out of high school. However, research has found that children with such experiences who do not drop out of school tend to have more
intelligence. older siblings. positive family relationships. externalized source of control. vocational training.


35. Pete's school district is considering increasing class size significantly. What is the probable effect of switching to a larger class size?
As class size increases, achievement decreases. As class size increases the increased competition produces increased achievement. The increased class size won't have an affect on achievement. As class size increases achievement increases due to increased resources. Nothing because classroom management matters more than class size.


36. Ms. Walker cares about her students and wants them to be independent thinkers, so she gives them some freedom to explore. However, she makes sure to have rules, because she believes limits are necessary for effective learning. Ms. Walker is demonstrating
an authoritative classroom management strategy. the least restrictive environment. the direct instruction approach to teaching. an authoritarian approach to classroom management. the social constructivists approach.


37. Silvia is a passive learner, is anxious about social comparison, and has poor communication skills. Which classroom management approach suits Silvia the best?
Direct instruction. Autoritative Permissive Back-to-basics Authoritarian


38. The motivation and abilities of the student need to be considered when determining what form of education is developmentally best for him or her. This match between student and environment is referred to as the
least restrictive environment. jigsaw classroom. aptitude-treatment interaction. social constructivists approach. authoritative classroom management.


39. How does parental involvement in secondary school compare with parental involvement in elementary school?
Minimal in elementary school but improves significantly is secondary school. High in elementary school but minimal in secondary school. High in both elementary and secondary school. Equally low in both elementary and secondary school. Minimal in elementary school and even less in secondary school.


40. Schools in low-income areas are more likely than those in higer SES areas to
have young, inexperienced teachers. encourage rote learning. have lower graduation rates. have poorly maintained classrooms and buildings. All of the above


41. It has been argued that a form of institutional racism still occurs in many American schools. Which of the below best exemplifies what is meant by institutional racism?
Most teachers are non-Latino White. Ethnic minorities constitute the majority in 23 of the 25 largest school districts. The percentage of minority teachers is declining. Well-meaning teachers accept lower levels of performance from minority students. Minority students are bused to predominatly White schools.


42. Which statement below about adolescents with a learning disability is false?
They are of normal intelligence or above. They have difficulties, but not necessarily in academic areas. Their disability cannot be attributed to any other diagnosed disorder. They may have problems in listening, concentrating, speaking, or thinking. They are more likely male than female.


43. There has been a substantial increase in the number of children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. Experts believe this is because
more lead is polluting food and water sources. there is has been an increase in the genetic predisposition for ADHD. foods advertised for children have high amounts of sugar. There is an increased awareness of ADHD, along with misdiagnosis. All of the above


44. Public law 94-142 mandates
gender equity in funding for athletics. free, appropriate education for students with disabilities. challenging, appropriate education for gifted students. equal employment opportunities for disabled workers. extra funding for inner-city schools.


45. Under the Individuals with Disabilities Act, students with a disability must be educated in a setting as similar as possible to the one in which students without disabilities are educated. This is called
aptitude-treatment interaction. person-environment fit. direct instruction approach. authoritative strategy. least restrictive environment.


46. Two important dimensions of culture are
assimilation and acculturation. ethnocentrism and SES. assimilation and ethnocentrism. SES and ethnicity. ethnicity and acculturation


47. Members of a society have different levels of prestige, power, and financial resources as well as different educational and occupational opportunities. These differences provide the basis for the concept of
cultural economies. ethnicity. ethnocentrism. microsystems. socioeconomic status.


48. Bill has a pen pal in another country whose name is Rook. In his first letter to Bill, Rook described his religion, native language, and some general characteristics of the people in his country. Rook has described his
socioeconomic status. ethnocentrism. cross-cultural knowledge. ethnicity. microsystem membership.


49. Mina was raised in a typical American family that instilled in her the value of individualism. She thinks that cultures emphasizing collectivism rather than individualism are ridiculous. Her view is an example of
ethnocentrism. alternation. accluturation. multiculturalism. ethnicity.


50. Priya has recently moved to the United States. She is becoming a productive contributor to the society while at the same time retaining her indentification with her minority culture. This is an eample of
ethnocentrism. assimilation. a melting pot. acculturation. accommodation.


51. Jose, who lives with his Mexican-born parents in a Texas town near the Mexican border, enjoys his life as an average American high school student, but also celebrates Mexican holidays, eats Mexican food, and speaks Spanish at home. This is an example of
assimilation. alternation. accluturation. accommodation. a melting pot.


52. Russ is a Japanese-American and believes he can keep his distinct Japanese identity, while still working within the American society to try to obtain goals benefitial for all in the nation. Russ upholds the _____ model of cultural change.
muticultural melting pot accluturation. accommodation assimilation


53. According to the text, the lack of a ceremony indicating when adulthood is achieved makes adult status
desirable. frustrating. relieving. magical. ambiguous.


54. Sarah's parents emphasize neatness in personal grooming as well as in her bedroom. They also occasionally use physical punishment when they feel it is necessary. According to research cited in the textbook, Sarah's family most likely is
middle SES. working class. abusive. upper middle class. white collar.


55. Lila, who recently divorced her abusive husband, has no job skills and insufficient alimony and child support. Her situation best exemplifies what concept?
The poverty trap Low-SES assimilation The feminization of poverty The two-class society Prejudice


56. Many studies examining ethnic differences in adolescent behavior may be flawed by their failure to consider
gender differences within ethnic groups. educational status of parents of adolescents in the studies. adolescent behaviors common to all ethnic groups. the homogeneity of ethnic groups. socioeconomic differences between ethnic groups.


57. According to the textbook, two of the most frequently endorsed coping responses of adolescencts are watching TV and
exercising. eating. doing artwork. taking to parents. listening to music.


58. Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of the media discussed in the textbook?
Information Coping Sensation Spiritual connection Gender-role modeling


59. Most research concerning TV violence has found that long-term exposure to TV violence
causes violent behavior in young adolescent boys. relates to violent behavior in boys but not girls. causes aggression in preschoolers but not adolescents. is associated with aggressive behavior in children and adolescents. is not related to violent or aggressive behavior.


60. Which of the statements below about adolescents and music is FALSE?
Taste in music becomes more specific in later adolescence. Most adolescents say music lyrics are very important to them. Music meets needs for mood control and silence filling for adolescents. Boys more than girls prefer "harder" forms of rock. In early adolescence there is a preference for middle-of-the road Top 40 music.