True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.

____ 1. Ancient Mesopotamia was made up of individual city-states which often warred with one another.

____ 2. Unlike Egypt's Nile River, The rivers of Mesopotamia were wild and unpredictable, flooding one year and drying up the next. This was disastrous considering much of their architecture was made of mud brick.

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 3. The Ziggurat at Ur can best be described as a:
a. Sumerian burial ground
b. fortified city-state
c. palace for Naram-Sin
d. Sumerian temple base
e. blind arcade

____ 4. The stylistic conventions of rigidly frontal symmetry, abnormally large eyes, and tightly clasped hands are most characteristic of the art of:
a. Jericho
b. Çatal Hüyük
c. Sumer
d. Babylon
e. Lascaux

____ 5. The White Temple, Uruk is oriented to the _________________________.
a. Orion constellation
b. cardinal points of the compass
c. Persian Gulf
d. North
e. East

____ 6. A predominant theme or themes found in the art of the Assyrians was or were:
a. the sun disk, Aton
b. war and hunting
c. scenes of the afterlife
d. animal fables
e. love and fertility

____ 7. In ancient Mesopotamia the bull often symbolized:
a. the fertility of nature
b. the annual round of the sun
c. the god of death
d. the power of the storm god
e. their favorite basketball team

____ 8. The Standard of Ur depicts:
a. war and peace
b. planting and harvesting
c. marriage and death
d. trade agreements and contracts
e. a religious ritual

____ 9. The Mesopotamian king who codified the law and prescribed penalties for infractions was _________.
a. Urnanshe
b. Innana
c. Naram-Sin
d. Hammurabi
e. John Ashcroft

____ 10. The biblical 'Tower of Babel' was most likely a Babylonian _________, which is a stepped temple structure constructed of many platforms symbolically forming a stairway to heaven.
a. pyramid c. ziggurat
b. palace d. labyrinth

____ 11. Innana or Ishtar is the Sumerian goddess of
a. love and education c. love and sex
b. love and war d. war and dreams

Matching

Match the following:
a. Mesopotamian river
b. Near Eastern goddess of love and war
c. form of writing that uses pictures or images as words
d. Assyrian king
e. Sasanian capital
f. Sumerian inlaid panel
g. incised decoration
h. multitiered structure thought to have served as a temple platform
i. site of Assyrian Palace of Sargon II
j. Persian royal audience hall
k. ruler who codified Babylonian laws
l. cursive script
m. governor of Lagash
n. Akkadian ruler
o. stone monument with relief carving
p. Babylonian monument that uses the arch and glazed tiles
q. Hittite site
r. beast of burden favored in Babylon
s. arched wall decoration having no actual openings
t. winged, human-headed bull
u. site of ziggurat
v. Sasanian king
w. wedged shape signs as writing

____ 12. stele

____ 13. Ishtar

____ 14. Hammurabi

____ 15. Tigris

____ 16. Standard of Ur

____ 17. Gilgamesh

____ 18. cuneiform

____ 19. lamassu

____ 20. ziggurat

____ 21. pictogram

Short Answer

22. What group is credited with developing the earliest known script (written language) and what was it called?

23. What is a lamassu and where was it placed?

24. What is the purpose of a votive figure?

25. What was the importance of the Code of Hammurabi?

26. Describe three stylistic conventions found in Sumerian art.

27. Where and when is domestic agriculture thought to have begun, and what was its importance for the history of art?

Essay

28. Discuss the social and economic changes that took place in the Ancient Near East.

29. Describe the religion practiced by Sumer and how did it effect their art. Use examples to support your essay.

30. Discuss the development of relief sculpture in the Ancient Near East. Focus on three groups. Consider changes in the proportions of the figures, the depiction of details, and the position of head and shoulders in relation to the body. Cite specific works to illustrate your argument.

Chapter2
Answer Section

TRUE/FALSE

1. T

2. T

MULTIPLE CHOICE

3. D

4. C

5. B

6. B

7. A

8. A

9. D

10. C

11. B

MATCHING

12. O

13. B

14. K

15. A

16. F

17. L

18. W

19. T

20. H

21. C

SHORT ANSWER

22. Sumer & cuneiform

23. A winged man-headed bull as a guardian at the gate of the palace

24. It offers constant prayers to the gods on behalf of the donor

25. He developed a codified series of laws that brought unity to the conflicting and often unwritten laws of Mesopotamia and probably influenced the Law of Moses, which had such a profound effect on Western civilization.

26. Sumerian relief sculpture shares the Egyptian convention of showing figures in profile with shoulders full front, and the poses are regularized and repeated. An oval shape is used for full round sculpture; eyes are large, and hands are often clasped.

27. The oldest agricultural communities were in the grassy uplands of the river valleys of the ancient Near East. Cultivation made it possible to store food and to diversify the work force, thus making it possible to have workers specialized in art production.

ESSAY

28. answers found throughout the chapter.

29. Answers are found throughout the chapter.

30. Answers are found throughout the chapter