ENGLAND AND ITS CIVIL WAR
“FIRST CAME THE
DINOSAURS”
KING “ELECTED”
EARLS
REEVES
THEGNS
MOOTS
WITAN
HIDES
WITANGAMOOT
THEN CAME THE NORMANS
AFTER 1066
SAXON TRADITION OVERLAYED
BY FEUDALISM
MAGNA CARTA 1215
BEGINNING OF THE CIVIL
WAR
ENGLISH CONSTITUTION
PARLIAMENT AUTHORITY NOT FROM WRITTEN CONSTITUTION
CUSTOM
TRADITION
WRITTEN LAWS
COMMON LAW
ENGLISH COMMON LAW
EVOLVED FROM LOCAL
JUDICIAL DECISIONS
BASED ON LOCAL
CUSTOMS/PRACTICES
PRECEDENT
AFTER MANY SIMILAR
RULINGS-LAW
COMMON VS CIVIL LAW
PARLIAMENT
DEVELOPMENT
INFORMAL KING’S
COUNCIL
PRE-INVASION
NOBLES
HIGH CLERGY
PARLIAMENT
1066
COUNCIL FORMALIZED
GREAT COUNCIL
3X YEAR
ASSIST KING
DECISIONS
POLICY
LAWS
PARLIAMENT
EARLY 1300’S
KING JOHN
INCLUDES ELECTED KNIGHTS OF SHIRES
APPROVAL OF TAXES
WITHOUT LOCAL
KNIGHTS LITTLE HOPE OF COLLECTION
PARLIAMENT
LATE 1200’S
“PARLIAMENT”
BOROUGHS
INCORPORATED TOWNS
(POPULATION)
MOOT
REEVE
PARLIAMENT
MID 1300’S
ELECTED COMMONERS MEET SEPARATELY
BICAMERAL
“COMMONS”
TAX LEGISLATION
OTHER LEGISLATION
PARLIAMENT
EARLY 1400’S
COMMONS
INTRODUCE
LEGISLATION
SUFFRAGE
GENDER
AGE
PROPERTY
DIEU ET MON DROIT
DIVINE RIGHT OF KINGS
St. AUGUSTINE OF
HIPPO (354-430)
CITY OF GOD/CITY OF
MAN
SIR ROBERT FILMER (D. 1653)
PATRIARCHA
JAQUES BOSSUET (1627-1704)
DISCOURSE ON
UNIVERSAL HISTORY
DIVINE RIGHT
JAMES I
BELIEVED IN IT
DIDN’T PRESS THE
ISSUE
CHARLES I DID
WHAT IS IT?
BELIEF THAT KINGS
AUTHORITY TO RULE COMES DIRECTLY FROM GOD
DIVINE RIGHT
WHAT IF A KING IS WICKED
SUBJECTS MUST STILL
OBEY
IF ORDERED TO DO
SOMETHING AGAINST GOD
REFUSE AND TAKE THE
PUNISHMENT
ANNOINTED
VOWS
English Civil War
THERE WERE TWO
1642-1646
FOUGHT BETWEEN PARLIAMENT AND KING
ENDED WITH CAPTURE OF CHARLES I
ASCENDANCY OF PARLIAMENT
1648- 1651
PARLIAMENTARY ARMY VS WELSH, SCOTS, IRISH AND FINALLY, PARIAMENT ITSELF
TRIAL OF CHARLES I
EXECUTION OF CHARLES I
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
WHAT WAS AT ISSUE?
IT’S A LONG STORY
SIMPLIFICATION
WHOSE AUTHORITY IS PARAMOUNT?
MONARCH
PARLIAMENT
KING-IN-PARLIAMENT
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
CONSTITUTIONAL
ISSUES
POLITICAL
ISSUES
RELIGIOUS
ISSUES
REGIONAL
ISSUES
THE
CIVIL WAR ITSELF REPRESENTED A POLITICAL FAILURE
THIS
FAILURE IS AN EFFECT
WHAT
WERE THE CAUSES?
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
CHARLES
I r 1624-1649
SUMMONS
PARLIAMENT 1628
“PETITION
OF RIGHT”
NO
TAXATION W/OUT PARLIAMENTARY APPROVAL
NO
FORCED LOANS
NO
ROYAL ATTAINDER
DUE
PROCESS OF LAW
NO
QUARTERING OF TROOPS
MARTIAL
LAW
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
1ST
BISHOP’S WAR
WHY
WERE THE BISHOP’S SO ANGRY?
CHARLES
I WAS MONARCH OF THREE KINGDOMS
ENGLAND
SCOTLAND
IRELAND
ATTEMPTED
TO IMPOSE COMMON RELIGIOUS PRACTICES ON ALL THREE (EPISCOPACY AND THE BOOK
OF COMMON PRAYER)
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
SCOTLAND
PRESBYTERIAN
CALVINIST
NO
BISHOPS
IRELAND
ROMAN
CATHOLIC
PLENTY
OF BISHOPS
NOT
PROTESTANT
ENGLAND
C
of E BUT…
DISSENTERS
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
THEREFORE,
ISSUE IS REALLY ABOUT A PERCIEVED ABUSE OF POWER
CHARLES
MONARCH
HEAD
OF C of E
WANTS
CONFORMITY
ALSO
CHALLENGED IS DIVINE RIGHT
FEB
1638
SCOTS’
NATIONAL COVENANT
WITHSTAND
“INNOVATIONS”
“POPISH”
“TYRANNY”
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
CHARLES: “I WOULD RATHER
DIE THAN YIELD TO THESE IMPERTINENT DEMANDS”
GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE
SCOTTISH KIRK ABOLISHES EPISCOPACY
WAR
CHARLES WAS SHORT ON
MONEY
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
CHARLES SUMMONS
PARLIAMENT
TAXES
FIRST IN 11 YEARS
PYM READS A TWO HOUR LIST
OF GRIEVENCES
CHARLES DISOLVES “SHORT
PARLAIMENT” (20 APRIL 1640-5 MAY 1640)
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
STRAFFORD AND LAUD
ARRESTED
TRIENNIAL ACT
STRAFFORD
ATTAINED/EXECUTED
BILL PROROGUING
PARLIAMENT
SCOTTISH ARMY ON ENGLISH
SOIL
GRAND REMONSTRANCE
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
1642
FIVE MEMBERS
AUGUST CHARLES RAISES
STANDARD
1642-1646 CIVIL WAR
NEW MODEL ARMY
“PRIDE’S PURGE”
“RUMP PARLIAMENT”
1648 CHARLES TRIED
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
1649
30
JAN CHARLES EXECUTED
“I DOE PLEAD FOR THE
LIBERTIES OF THE PEOPLE OF ENGLAND MORE THEN TOU DOE.”
LORDS
ABOLISHED
MONARCHY
ABOLISHED
1648-1651
SECOND CIVIL WAR
1653-INSTRUMENT
OF GOVERNMENT-CROMWELL “LORD PROTECTOR”
1660-RESTORATION
English Civil War
Epilogue
The
Interregnum
1649-1660
Parliament
The Lord Protector
The Rule of the Major
Generals
Richard Cromwell
The
Restoration
1660
Charles II (r. 1660-1685)
James II (r. 1685-1689)
English Revolution
Epilogue
THE “GLORIOUS” (AKA
“BLOODLESS”) REVOLUTION
1689
WILLIAM III AND MARY (R.
1689-1702
JUSTIFICATION
JOHN LOCKE
RESPONSE TO SIR ROBERT
FLIMER
TWO TREATISES ON
GOVERNMENT 1690
NATURAL RIGHTS
LESSONS FROM THE ENGLISH
EXPERIENCE
THE
IMPORTANCE OF OWNING PROPERTY
MISTRUST
OF NOBILITY
DETERMINATION
FOR SELF-DETERMINATION
BELIEF
IN THE SUPERIORITY OF AN ELECTED, REPRESENTATIVE BODY
DEEP,
ABIDING DISTRUST OF A STANDING (REGULAR) ARMY
RESISTANCE
TO TAXATION
PREFERENCE
FOR DECENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT
LESSONS CONT’D
INTOLERENCE FOR MONARCHY
(ARBITRARY POWER)
THE RIGHT (OR DUTY) OF A
PEOPLE TO REBEL AGAINST SUCH
RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE