SPAIN (AND, PERHAPS, ALL “IMPERIALISTIC” ENDEAVORS)
TRADE
SETTLEMENT
SECURITY
A MORE THOUGHTFUL REDUCTIONISM
PATTERNS IN OVERSEAS EXPANSION

SPAIN
TWO METHODS OR PATTERNS
MERCANTILE
FULL SETTLEMENT
PATTERNS INLUENCED BY PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE
CANARY ISLAND
COMPETITION W/ PORT.
CARIBBEAN ISLANDS

PATTERNS INFLUENCED BY
REGIONAL HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE
SOUTHERN COAST-MERCANTILE
INTERIOR-FULL SETTLEMENT

MERCANTILE CHARACTERISTICS
ITALIAN TRADING FIRMS
SOUTHERN COAST OF SPAIN (SEVILLE)
LITTLE ADVANTAGE IN COLONIZATION
FOLLOWED PORTUGUESE EXAMPLE
SMALL FLEETS
CLOSE TO COAST

MERCANTILE CHARACTERISTICS
REJECTED COLONIZATION
QUICK PROFITS
LOW OVERHEAD
COMMODOTIES
GOLD
DYE
SUGAR
 SLAVES

MERCANTILE CHARACTERISTICS
DID NOT SHARPLY DISTINGUISH BETWEEN TRADE/ARMED RAIDS-EXTORTION
BOTH METHODS REFERRED TO AS RESCATE  (BARTER)
FACTORY OR FORT-NO COLONIZATION

SLAVERY IN MERCANTILE SYSTEM
BEGAN c.  LATE 1400’S
EARLY ON BLACK SLAVES TRAINED AS ARTISANS
CHANGED WHEN LABOR INTENSIVE SUGAR PLANTATIONS CALLED FOR SUBORDINATE NOT FREE LABOR
FREQUENT CONSEQUENCE WHEN NO DIVERSIFIED ECONOMY

FULL SETTLEMENT CHARACTERISTICS
BASED ON RECONQUISTA  (ENDED WITH CAPTURE OF GRANADA 1492)
RECONQUISTA  EXPEDITIONS LIMITED IN NATURE
LOCAL NOBILITY TARGET MOORISH HELD TOWN & ENVIRONS
IF SUCCESSFUL THEY COULD EXPECT
LOOT
HONORS
TITLES
POLITICAL AUTHORITY
TAXES/TRIBUTE

FULL SETTLEMENT
NO FUNDING OR SUPPORT FROM MONARCH PERMISSION REQUIRED
CANARY ISLANDS
BEGAN 1340’S
STARTED IN MERCANTILE TRADITION
SLAVES
GOLD
EVOLVED INTO FULL SETTLEMENT LONG, ERRATIC PROCESS
CANARY ISLANDS
SPANISH SOUGHT TO SUBDUE “PAGAN” PEOPLES
PROCESS LASTED @150 YRS
WARFARE (AS IT WOILD IN THE AMERICAS) INVOLVED VERY LITTLE USE OF GUNPOWDER
VANQUISHED ISLANDERS SOLD

FULL SETTLEMENT PATTERN MATURES
CONQUISTADORS  OF CANARYS PROCLAIMED GOVERNORS
AGREEMENTS (CAPITULACIONES) WITH CROWN MADE RANK HEREDITARY
GOVERNORS GIVEN WIDE AUTHORITY
DISTRIBUTE LAND
WEALTH
NATIVES

FULL SETTLEMENT MATURES
MONARCH RECEIVED
QUINTO  ROYAL TAX IMPOSED ON ALL LOOT TAKEN IN SUCH EPEDITIONS
RELIGIOUS CONVERSION OF NATIVES
NOT  A PRIORITY OF MONARCHS OR THE MERCHANT HOUSES WHICH FUNDED THEM
FEW CLERICS INVOLVED TENDED TO BE EXPEDITION MEMBERS
FAILURE OF MERCANTILE METHOD IN CANARYS
LED TO ADOPTION OF FULL SETTLEMENT
INFORMS THE METHODOLOGY USED IN NEW WORLD

CARIBBEAN
FULL SETTLEMENT NOT THE INTENT
(COLUMBUS, AFTER ALL,  WAS ITALIAN)
CONSEQUENCE OF COLUMBUS’ INFLATED REPORTS
LARGE ISLANDS
DENSELY POPULATED
WIDESPREAD AGRICULTURE
PROMISE OF MUCH GOLD

CARIBBEAN
REPORTS CAUSED CROWN TO INCORPORATE WITH COLUMBUS
MAJOR DEPARTURE FROM USUSAL
SUCH ENTERPRISES WERE UNIVERSALLY PRIVATE
COLUMBUS’ 2D VOYAGE
1,500 MEN-17 SHIPS
STILL NO EMPHASIS ON CONVERSION (NOT ‘TILL 2D DECADE)

CARIBBEAN
COLUMBUS STILL AFTER RESCANTE
HE WAS LOOKING FOR CHINA
NATIVES SOLD AS SLAVES, NOT PERMANENT LABOR FORCE
CROWN MERELY SENIOR PARTNER
COLUMBUS NOT INTERESTED IN COLONY ADMINISTRATION
FOLLOWERS OF A DIFFERENT MIND

CARRIBEAN
AFTER THE GOLD RUSH
SUGAR SOON SUPPLANTED BY BRAZIL

FULL SETLLEMENT
PUERTO RICO
JAMAICA
CUBA
MAINLAND
SUBSEQUENT EXPEDITIONS LOCALY INITIATED
DESOTO’S ENTRADA  MOUNTED FROM CUBA
CORTES
CORONADOO
SIGNIFICANCE
EXPEDITIONS LED BY MEN OF EXPERIENCE
THOSE MOUNTED FROM SPAIN TENDED TO FAIL
MAILAND EXPEDITIONS FOLLOWED
MAINLAND
FOLLOWED FULL SETTLELMENT METHOD
CORTES LED HIS BACKERS TO BELIEVE RESCANTE  TO BE THE BASIS OF HIS ENTRADA
WHY?
GOVERNOR OF A COLONY USUALLY AUTHORIZED ENTRADA
OFTEN AN INVESTOR
INTERESTED IN QUICK MONEY NOT  COLONIZATION-WHY?

PATTERN OF LOCAL ENTRADA
EXPEDITIONS NOT ORGANIZED ALONG MILITARY LINES
MEMBERS RARELY VETERANS
TERM “SOLDIERS” NOT USED TO DESCRIBE MEMBERS
STRICT DISCIPLINE-COMPLICATED TACTICS RARELY NEEDED HISTORY 151
SAMPLE ENTRADA  CONT’D
FRANCISCO PIZARRO (1474-1541)
SERVED WITH BALBOA
1522 SYNDICATES WITH LUQUE & ALMAGRO
ESSAY QUESTIONS
Compare and contrast the two methods of territorial expansion employed by the Spanish.  Discuss the origins of each and give examples.
 
Compare and contrast the development of representative government in the Massachusetts Bay Colony and the Virginia Colony.
 
ESSAY QUESTIONS
How might John Winthrop explain the way he saw government working in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.  Include religious beliefs as well as economics.

The aftermath of the English Civil War may have left some « lessons learned » with the British  people of the time.  Discuss three of these lessons in context; what were their origins ?
 
ESSAY QUESTIONS
Discuss the differences between the Spanish model(s) of colonization and that of the British.